IBuenaventura Bay, eColombia
Source: Imayini Yokwakhiwa Kwezomhlaba Nokwakhiwa
Isingeniso
Isiqhingi sezinto
Enye yezicelo zokuqala zeshubhu le-geotextile eColombia kwakukwakhiwa kweziqhingi zendawo yokulahla ezosetshenziselwa ukuthambisa nokukhipha amanzi ngezinto zokuhlobisa ezakhiwe kahle.
Le projekthi itholakala eSan Antonio Inlet, eBuenaventura, eColombia. Indawo esetshenzisiwe eyakhiwe kabusha ingokuqala kweziqhingi ezimbili ezimise okwama-oval ezihleliwe kule ndawo enamanzi nemvelo. Le ndlela entsha futhi entsha yokwakha yayihilela amashubhu agcwele amanzi agcwaliswe ngamanzi ngesihlabathi.
Amashubhu we-geotextile abekwe endaweni yokugcina ukuze anikeze umjikelezo wokujikeleza wezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezibunjiwe eziguquguqukweni ze-4.0 m kabili ngosuku.
Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwesiqhingi esisetshenziselwe ukujikijela, zizosebenza njengezindawo zokufakelwa ezibunjiwe zize zigcwaliswe futhi zizinziswe. Ngemuva kokuba sezizinzile zizotshalwa ezihlahleni iMangrove kanye nezinye izimila zendabuko futhi zizosetshenziselwa kuphela imvelo.
Background
Iphrojekthi yokufakelwa kokudonswa phansi etholakala eduzane itholakala cishe phakathi kwe-8.0 km phakathi nezwe ukusuka ePacific Coast eduze kwesiteshi esijikelezayo se-10 m esisebenza eningizimu yesiqhingi saseBuenaventura. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamachweba amasha kudale isidingo sokwanda komsebenzi omusha, ukukhipha indawo yokuhlala kanye nezindawo ezengeziwe zokulahla. Izindawo ezilahlekile zokulahla izinto ezibonakalayo zigcwalisiwe ngomthamo noma ziye zonakala ngenxa yokulondolozwa okwanele nokuklanywa.
Umzamo wokwakha indawo yokulahla usebenzisa usimende kanye nama-gabions agcwele amatshe eduze nedolobha laseBuenaventura eSan Antonio Inlet ulahliwe ngenxa yezimo zemvelo nezisekelo. Enye indawo yokulahla etholakala ngaphesheya komfula endaweni ehlelelwe iPort of Solo yakhiwa kusetshenziswa amachibi amancane amachibi kodwa igcwaliswe ngokuphelele ngezinto zokugcina ezisalungiswa futhi ayisasebenzi.
Ukukhathazeka Ngezemvelo
Imvume yokwakha izindawo zokufaka okuhlanganisiwe zezinto zokwakha ezenziwe kahle eColombia sekunzima kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zemvelo ezenziwa ngohulumeni basekhaya kanye nohulumeni. Iziteshi zokuzula eziholela kule ndawo zihlala ziphindwa. Ezinye izindlela zokulahlwa kwemikhawulo zilinganiselwe ezindaweni ezingatholakali zokulahla ugesi phezulu noma ukuthutha i-80 km kude nolwandle olwandle ePacific Ocean.
Ukuthuthwa nokulahlwa olwandle bekungabhekwa njengokungekuhle ngokomnotho uma kuqhathaniswa neziqhingi ezilahliwe ezakhiwe ngamashubhu e-geotextile.
Ezinye izindlela ezinjengokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokulahla udoti nokulahlwa emfuleni osondelene nesiteshi sokuhambisa amanzi zahlangabezana nezinkinga zemvelo futhi azivunyelwe.
Indawo yokulahla impahla enyakazayo ibingeyona inketho ngenxa yomonakalo ongaba khona wezihlahla zeMangrove, isimo esingesihle sesisekelo, nendawo encishisiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwe-dikes ezintweni ezingezinhle zesisekelo, emanzini avulekile anama-4.0 m high tides kabili ngosuku bekungabhekwa njengokuthi kungenzeka ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amashubhu we-geotextile.
Design
Ukujikeleza kwe-1100 m kokuklanywa kwesiqhingi okwenziwe okwakusetshenziselwa ukuqondisa izithikamezo zemifula. Izindawo zokulahla okwenziwe njengama-oval ezimise okwenziwe zakhiwa zisetshenziswe indawo ye-20 m, amashubhu aphezulu we-3.0 m aphezulu owenziwe ngendwangu ye-GT500 polypropylene geotextile.
Le ndwangu inosayizi bendawo yokuvula engu-0.425 mm namandla obubanzi obukhulu emshinini nokuqondisa kwe-70.0 ne-96.3 KN / M ngokulandelana. Amandla we-Seam ayecishe abe yi-50 aye ku-60% walawa amanani
Ekuphakameni kwe-3.0 m amashubhu we-geotextile aqukethe mayelana ne-22 m3 ngemitha emugqa wezinto ezibunjiwe. Indawo yokuqala yokulahla ibingama-200 m ububanzi ne-300 m ubude kanti eyesibili izoba nge-300 m ububanzi ne-600 m ubude kanti kulindeleke ukuthi babe nokuqukethe mayelana ne-200,000 ne-600,000 m3 yezinto zokugcina ngokulandelana.
Ukwakhiwa
Uhlelo lokwakha kwakungukugcwalisa amashubhu amade we-100 m ubude we-hydraulically ngezinto ezinesihlabathi ezisikiwe esiteshini sokuhambisa ukwakha umngcele ojikelezayo wezindawo zokulahla okwakhiwe olwandle.
Amashubhu we-geotextile abekwe eceleni kwalolu hlaka oluceliwe amiswa okwesikhashana ngenkathi kugcwaliswa izigxobo zensimbi ende ze-4.0 m ezazixhunywe emaceleni enyukeli enziwa ngaphambili komphetho wamashubhu we-geotextile.
Imizamo yokuqala yokugcwalisa iholele ekutheni kusetshenziswe izinto eziningi ezilula ezingasindi ekugcineni ekugcineni kwe-100 m ubude be-geotextile nokushintshashintsha kwezulu kubangele ukuba ithini lokuqala le-geotextile lisuke kancane ekuhlelweni okuhlongozwayo. Ukuze unciphise lo mphumela amashubhu e-geotextile agcwaliswa ngo-25 m ngesihlabathi ngenxenye engagcwaliswanga ephumule kubarge encane kuze kube yilapho kudingeka i-25 m yamashubhu geotextile.
I-Ellicott® Brand Series B890 Dredge
Ekuqaleni, usonkontileka wasebenzisa i-Ellicott® Brand Series B890 dredge, i- "Don David", kepha waba nezinkinga ezithile zokugcina amashubhu we-geotextile emelene nokugeleza kwamaza kwe-1.2 m / yesibili. Lokhu kudalwe ukuthi amashubhu we-geotextile agcwale u-2.200 m3 wamanzi ngehora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuba kugcinwe izinsimbi ezanele ukuzikala.
Lokhu kuxazululwe ngokufaka esikhundleni se-Series B890 dredge nge-12 inch (305mm) Ellicott® Brand Series 370 cutterhead dredge, i- "Doña Sara" nge-100 m yomugqa wokukhishwa. Ngokwehla okuncane, wonke amanzi amaningi adonswa ngendwangu namachweba asele okugcwalisa agcina amashubhu we-geotextile ancishisiwe kuze kube yilapho isihlabathi esanele siwabeka phansi.
iziphetho
Ukwakhiwa kwe-geotextile tube perimeter ingredient dike yesikhungo sokuqala sombhalo se-oval sangeziwe kuphothulwe ngempumelelo kule ntwasahlobo futhi njengamanje kusetshenziswa njengendawo yokulahla impahla eyakhiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokulahla enjenge-oval yesibili kuzoqala maduze.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamashubhu we-geotextile ukwakha umjikelezo we-perimeter wesakhiwo sempahla ebunjiwe sekufakazele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka, futhi ngokomqondo nangokwezezimali kungenzeka. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokulahla indawo yokulahla imigwaqo bekungeke kube yimpumelelo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amashubhu we-geotextile.
Kucashunwe ku-World Dredging Mining & Construction
NguJack Fowler, Ph.D., PE, Geotec Assocs., IVicksburg, MS
U-Eduardo Martinez, uPres., UDragados Hidraulicos, eBogota, eColombia
UNicolas Ruiz, Unjiniyela Wombuso, uBogota, Colombia
Carlos Ortiz, Bogota, Colombia